The statement of the Hinxton Group
Hinxton Group. “Statement on Genome Editing Technology and Human Germline Genetic Modification.” 2015.Link.
“Statement on Genome Editing Technology and Human Germline Genetic Modification” was published in 2015 from the Hinxton Group and has become one of the most well-accepted consensuses around world. It is a consensus statement regarding the value of basic scientific research, the prospect of the human genome editing technology, and the importance of governance in this field. In terms of its arrangement, it moves step by step, with plain words that even readers with no expertise in the field could understand the contents. You could have a clearer understanding of the topic after reading this and identify which position you hold.
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Regulating Human Embryonic Stem Cell in China
Li, Jiang. "Regulating Human Embryonic Stem Cell in China: A Comparative Study on Human Embryonic Stem Cell’s Patentability and Morality in US and EU." 2016. Link.
"Regulating Human Embryonic Stem Cell in China: A Comparative Study on Human Embryonic Stem Cell’s Patentability and Morality in US and EU" was published in 2016. The book is about the patentability and morality of human embryonic stem cell research in US, EU and China. It tells about what happened in China about the stem cell therapy in chapter 4. The premature commercialization of stem cell therapies made a large number of patients suffered physical, mental and financial harms. It was not only about academy, but about society that influenced a lot of people. This is why the fact that Li Jiang, the author of the book, is a Chinese matters since a local could always explain a local issue better. The issue prompts us to realize the importance of strict regulations, appropriate research procedures in scientific research.
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Emerging Biotechnologies: Technology, Choice and the Public Good
Nuffield Council on Bioethics. “Emerging biotechnologies: technology, choice and the public good.” Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2012. Link.
"Emerging biotechnologies: technology, choice and the public good" was published by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics in 2012. It is like a comprehensive guide book of developing biotechnologies, from what attitude we should hold, to how to commercialize them once they are mature. As a subtype of biotechnology, the human genome editing technology shares a lot of similar characteristics. You would find the three characteristics of human genome editing and discuss around it in chapter 3, which are mentioned in the first stakeholder page. Reading this chapter could help you have a deeper understanding of them and a clearer sight of why the two traditional approaches are not applicable.
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The Statement of the International Summit on Human Gene Editing
Organizing Committee for the International Summit on Human Gene Editing. “On Human Gene Editing: International Summit Statement.” National Academy of Science US (NAS), 2015. Link.
“On Human Gene Editing" is a statement from the National Academies, as the result of the international summit in 2015. It is a well-accepted international consensus that mainly focuses on the two stages of the research of the human genome editing, respectively: the preclinical research and clinical use. It stresses the importance of preclinical research and asks researchers to weigh risks and potential benefits considering clinical use. You could learn how majority in this field thinks about the two different stages of somatic cell modification and germline cell modification and the reasons behind it.
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Efficient Genome Modification by CRISPR-Cas9 Nickase with Minimal off-Target Effects
Shen, Bin, et al. “Efficient Genome Modification by CRISPR-Cas9 Nickase with Minimal off-Target Effects.” Nature Methods, vol. 11, no. 4, Apr. 2014, pp. 399–402. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1038/nmeth.2857. Link.
In "Efficient Genome Modification by CRISPR-Cas9 Nickase with Minimal off-Target Effects", the authors introduce a way to minimize the off-target effects in genome modification applications using Cas9 nickase. It explains what the off-target effects are and how they are triggered. By conducting experiments and comparing among various results, they found that Cas9 nickase can be used to efficiently mutate genes without detectable damage at known off-target sites. The method they proposed to lower the chance of off-target effects could probably clear the obstacles on the way forward.
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